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Ultrasound Cases
Abdomen and retroperitoneum
Urinary Tract and male reproductive system
Gynaecology
Head and Neck
Breast and Axilla
Musculo Skeletal Joints and Tendons
Musculo Skeletal, bone, muscle, nerves and other soft tissues
Thorax
Pediatrics
Peripheral vessels
Ultrasound Cases Index
1. Abdomen and retroperitoneum
1.1 Liver
1.1.1 Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenomas
1.1.2 Hemangiomas
1.1.3 Miscellaneous benign liver lesions
1.1.4 Liver cysts
1.1.5 Hydatid cysts
1.1.6 Liver abscesses
1.1.7 Hepatocellular carcinoma
1.1.8 Malignant lymphona
1.1.9 Metastases
1.1.10 Perihepatic tumors
1.1.11 Fatty liver and focal sparing
1.1.12 Cirrhosis and portal hypertension
1.1.13 Hepatic and portal veins
1.1.14 Liver Trauma
1.1.15 Hepatitis
1.1.16 Miscellaneous liver
1.2 Gallbladder and bile ducts
1.2.1 Gallbladder: Gallstones
1.2.2 Gallbladder: Thickened bile and sludge and hemobilia
1.2.3 Gallbladder: Cholecystitis
1.2.4 Gallbladder: Membranous and gangrenous cholecystitis
1.2.5 Gallbladder: Mirizzi syndrome
1.2.6 Gallbladder: Emphysematous cholecystitis
1.2.7 Gallbladder: Perforation
1.2.8 Gallbladder: Abscess
1.2.9 Gallbladder: Polyps and cholesterol crystals
1.2.10 Gallbladder: Adenomyomatosis
1.2.11 Gallbladder: Carcinoma
1.2.12 Gallbladder: Various causes of gallbladder wall thickening
1.2.13 Gallbladder: Porcelain gallbladder
1.2.14 Gallbladder: Miscellaneous pathology
1.2.15 Bile duct: Sludge and gallstones in the extrahepatic bile ducts
1.2.16 Bile duct: Gallstones in the intrahepatic bile ducts
1.2.17 Bile duct: Tumors
1.2.18 Bile duct: Cholangitis
1.2.19 Bile duct: Various causes of bile duct dilatation
1.2.20 Bile duct: Miscellaneous pathology
1.3 Pancreas
1.3.1 Pancreatic head carcinoma and ampullary carcinoma
1.3.2 Malignant pancreatic tumors in corpus and cauda
1.3.3 Metastases in the pancreas
1.3.4 Benign pancreas tumors in corpus and cauda
1.3.5 Acute pancreatitis
1.3.6 Pancreatic pseudocysts
1.3.7 Pancreas calcifications
1.3.8 Pancreas trauma and miscellaneous
1.4 Spleen
1.4.1 Cysts and abscesses
1.4.2 Benign mass lesion of the spleen
1.4.3 Splenic infarcts
1.4.4 Miscellaneous benign lesions of the spleen
1.4.5 Malignant lesions of the spleen
1.4.6 Accessory spleens and other variants
1.4.7 Trauma of the spleen
1.5 Appendix
1.5.1 Normal appendix
1.5.2 Uncomplicated appendicitis
1.5.3 Complicated appendicitis
1.5.4 Unusual causes of appendicitis and abnormalities mimicking an acute appendicitis
1.5.5 Mucocele or cystadenoma of the appendix
1.5.6 Post appendectomy
1.6 Gastrointestinal tract
1.6.1 Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
1.6.2 Crohn's disease
1.6.3 Ulcerative colitis
1.6.4 Infectious enterocolitis
1.6.5 Free intraperitoneal gas and subcutaneous emphysema
1.6.6 Stomach and esophagus
1.6.7 Duodenum and small bowel
1.6.8 Colon tumors
1.7 Peritoneum mesentery and omentum
1.7.1 Appendagitis epiploica and mesenteric infarct
1.7.2 Mesenteric lymph nodes
1.7.3 Mesenteric cysts
1.7.4 Mesenteric vessels
1.7.5 Mesenteric and peritoneal metastases
1.8 Various intra-abdominal tumors
1.8.1 Various malignant intra-abdominal tumors
1.8.2 Various benign intra-abdominal tumors
1.9 Retroperitoneum and great vessels
1.9.1 Retroperitoneal lymphe nodes and tumors
1.9.2 Psoas muscle
1.9.3 Inferior vena cava
1.9.4 Aneurysms
1.9.5 Aortic dissection
1.9.6 Thrombus stenosis and occlusion
1.9.7 Retroperitoneal fibrosis and aortitis
1.9.8 Anatomical variations
1.9.9 Retroperitoneum various
1.10 Adrenal glands
1.10.1 Normal adrenals
1.10.2 Adrenal adenomas
1.10.3 Pheochromocytomas
1.10.4 Adrenal hemorrhage
1.10.5 Myolipomas calcifications and other benign lesions
1.10.6 Adrenal metastases
1.10.7 Adrenal carcinoma
1.11 Abdominal wall
1.11.1 Abdominal wall hernia
1.11.2 Abdominal wall hematomas
1.11.3 Abdominal wall inflammatory lesions
1.11.4 Benign abdominal wall tumors
1.11.5 Malignant abdominal wall tumors
1.11.6 Various abdominal wall lesions
1.12 Miscellaneous
1.12.1 Miscellaneous
2. Urinary Tract and male reproductive system
2.1 Kidney and ureter
2.1.1 Anomalies of the kidneys
2.1.2 Benign renal tumors
2.1.3 Renal cysts
2.1.4 Polycystic kidney disease
2.1.5 Renal cell carcinoma tumor aspect
2.1.6 Renal cell carcinoma spreading and local recurrence
2.1.7 Renal and ureteric transitional cell carcinoma
2.1.8 Miscellaneous malignant tumors
2.1.9 Urinary tract stones: Renal and pelvic stones
2.1.10 Urinary tract stones: Ureteric stones
2.1.11 Urinary tract stones: Fornix rupture
2.1.12 Nephrocalcinosis
2.1.13 Infection
2.1.14 Renal vascular disease
2.1.15 Renal trauma
2.1.16 Miscellaneous causes of dilatation of the collecting system
2.1.17 Hyperechoic kidneys
2.1.18 Miscellaneous urogenital system
2.2 Bladder
2.2.1 Bladder tumors
2.2.2 Bladder calculi
2.2.3 Miscellaneous bladder and distal ureters
2.3 Scrotum
2.3.1 Appendages and extratesticular calcificatons
2.3.2 Hydroceles, cysts and tubular ectasia
2.3.3 Benign peritesticular tumors
2.3.4 Malignant peritesticular tumors
2.3.5 Varicoceles
2.3.6 Inflammation
2.3.7 Testicular torsion
2.3.8 Testis tumors: Germinomatous germ cell tumors
2.3.9 Testis tumors: Nongerminomatous germ cell tumors and mixed germ cell tunors
2.3.10 Testis tumors: Malignant lymphomas
2.3.11 Testis tumors: Stromal tumors
2.3.12 Testis tumors: Various benign lesions and pitfalls
2.3.13 Microlithiasis and microlithiasis with malignant tumors
2.3.14 Scrotal trauma
2.3.15 Testicular infarcts
2.3.16 Miscellaneous scrotum
2.4 Penis and perineum
2.4.1 Peyronie's disease
2.4.2 Various penile disorders
2.4.3 Perineum
3. Gynaecology
3.1 Uterus
3.1.1 Uterine fibroids
3.1.2 Miscellaneous benign uterine and cervical lesions
3.1.3 Malignant uterine and cervical lesions
3.1.4 IUD
3.2 Adnexa
3.2.1 Benign cystic lesions
3.2.2 Dermoid cysts / cystic teratomas
3.2.3 Miscellaneous benign ovarian lesions
3.2.4 Malignant ovarian lesions
3.2.5 Ectopic pregnancy
3.2.6 Fallopian tube
3.2.7 Ovarian vein
3.3 Vagina
3.3.1 Hematocolpos
3.3.2 Miscellaneous vagina and external genitalia
4. Head and Neck
4.1 Thyroid gland
4.1.1 Thyroid congenital abnormalities
4.1.2 Thyroid benign lesions
4.1.3 Thyroid malignant lesions
4.1.4 Diffuse thyroid disease
4.2 Parathyroid glands
4.2.1 Parathyroids
4.3 Salivary glands
4.3.1 Salivary gland calculi and ductectasia
4.3.2 Salivary gland inflammation
4.3.3 Pleomorphic adenomas
4.3.4 Warthin's tumors
4.3.5 Malignant salivary gland tumors
4.3.6 Miscellaneous salivary gland lesions
4.3.7 Salivary gland pitfalls
4.4 Lymph nodes
4.4.1 Benign lymph nodes
4.4.2 Malignant lymph nodes
4.5 Miscellaneous
4.5.1 Cysts
4.5.2 Various tumors
4.5.3 Carotid body or glomus tumors
4.5.4 Miscellaneous soft tissue lesions of the head and face
4.5.5 Sternocleidomastoid muscle
4.5.6 Ear
5. Breast and Axilla
5.1 Benign lesions
5.1.1 Benign cysts with non mass lesions
5.1.2 Infected cysts
5.1.3 Benign cysts with mass or mass looking lesions
5.1.4 Cysts pitfalls
5.1.5 Galactoceles and sebaceous cysts
5.1.6 Fibro adenomas
5.1.7 Lipomas
5.1.8 Other benign non cystic lesions
5.1.9 Hematoma and contusion
5.1.10 Ductal lesions
5.1.11 Inflammation
5.1.12 Post operative lesions and fat necrossis
5.2 Malignant breast lesions
5.2.1 Breast carcinoma diagnostic criteria: Contour and shape of the lesion
5.2.2 Breast carcinoma diagnostic criteria: Microcalcifications
5.2.3 Breast carcinoma diagnostic criteria: Cystic changes and intracystic carcinoma
5.2.4 Breast carcinoma diagnostic criteria: Color doppler
5.2.5 Breast carcinoma Tumor types
5.2.6 Metastases in the breast
5.2.7 Spreading of breast cancer Multifocal and multicentric breast cancer
5.2.8 Spreading of breast cancer Bilateral breast cancer
5.2.9 Spreading of breast cancer Invasion of the skin and thoracic wall
5.2.10 Spreading of breast cancer Nipple retraction and carcinoma in relation to the ducts
5.2.11 Inflammatory carcinoma
5.2.12 Metastases ans local recurrence
5.2.13 Carcinoma in situ and microcalcifications
5.3 Pitfalls
5.3.1 Malignant lesions mimicking a benign lesion
5.3.2 Benign lesions mimicking malignancy
5.3.3 Unusual lesions
5.4 Elastography
5.4.1 Elastography benign lesions
5.4.2 Elastography malignant lesions
5.5 3D imaging
5.5.1 3D imaging
5.6 Axilla
5.6.1 Axilla
5.7 Prosthesis
5.7.1 Normal breast implants
5.7.2 Ruptured breast implants
5.7.3 Miscellaneous breast implants
5.8 Male breast
5.8.1 Gynaecomastia
5.8.2 Malignant breast tumors in male patients
5.8.3 Various lesions of the male breast
6. Musculo Skeletal Joints and Tendons
6.1 Shoulder
6.1.1 Biceps tendon tendinopathy / tendinosis
6.1.2 Biceps tendon rupture
6.1.3 Biceps tendon instability
6.1.4 Biceps tendon various pathology
6.1.5 Rotator cuff: tendinosis
6.1.6 Rotator cuff: Calcific tendinosis / tendinitis
6.1.7 Rotator cuff: Partial articular sided supraspinatus tendon ruptures
6.1.8 Rotator cuff: Partial intratendinous supraspinatus tendon ruptures
6.1.9 Rotator cuff: Partial bursal sided supraspinatus tendon ruptures
6.1.10 Rotator cuff: small full thickness supraspinatus ruptures
6.1.11 Rotator cuff: large full thickness supraspinatus ruptures
6.1.12 Rotator cuff: total rotator cuff ruptures
6.1.13 Rotator cuff: subscapularis tendon ruptures
6.1.14 Rotator cuff: ruptures pitfalls
6.1.15 Rotator cuff ruptures and muscle pathology
6.1.16 Rotator cuff: surgical treatment and miscellaneous rotator cuff ruptures
6.1.17 Bursa: Bursitis
6.1.18 Bursa: Calcific bursitis
6.1.19 Bursa: Miscellaneous bursa
6.1.20 Arthritis
6.1.21 Labrum and dorsal ganglion cysts
6.1.22 Traumatic lesions of the humeral head and other bony structures
6.1.23 Acromioclavicular joint
6.1.24 Miscellaneous shoulder
6.2 Elbow
6.2.1 Common extensor tendon insertion and lateral epicondylitis
6.2.2 Common flexor tendon insertion and medial epicondylitis
6.2.3 Arthritis
6.2.4 Loose bodies and Panner's disease
6.2.5 Olecranon bursa and triceps tendon insertion
6.2.6 Tumors and soft tissue swelling
6.2.7 Trauma
6.2.8 Distal biceps tendon
6.2.9 Nerve pathology in the elbow
6.3 Wrist and carpus
6.3.1 Tendinitis of the first extensor tendon compartment (De Quervain)
6.3.2 Tendinitis of the second and third extensor tendon compartment
6.3.3 Tendinitis of the fourth and fifth extensor tendon compartment
6.3.4 Tendinitis of the sixth extensor tendon compartment ECU
6.3.5 Intersection syndromes
6.3.6 Tendinitis of the flexor tendons on the volar side of the wrist
6.3.7 Arthritis
6.3.8 Cysts and ganglia
6.3.9 Tumors
6.3.10 Trauma of the bony structures ligaments and cartilage
6.3.11 Trauma of the tendons and extensor hood
6.3.12 Foreign bodies
6.3.13 Primary carpal tunnel syndrome
6.3.14 Carpal tunnel syndrome postoperative
6.3.15 Secondary carpal tunnel syndrome and inflammatory processes
6.3.16 Secondary carpal tunnel syndrome and space occupying lesions
6.3.17 Carpal tunnel anatomical variations
6.3.18 Miscellaneous wrist and carpus
6.4 Fingers
6.4.1 Tendinitis
6.4.2 Trigger finger thickened pulleys
6.4.3 Arthritis
6.4.4 Cysts and ganglia
6.4.5 Tumors
6.4.6 Traumatic tendon lesions
6.4.7 Traumatic ligament lesions
6.4.8 Other traumatic finger lesions
6.4.9 Foreign bodies
6.4.10 Miscellaneous
6.5 Hip groin and buttock
6.5.1 Coxitis and osteoarthrosis
6.5.2 Labral and periarticular cysts
6.5.3 Hernia
6.5.4 Iliopsoas bursitis
6.5.5 Throchanteric region
6.5.6 Aneurysms
6.5.7 Insertion tendinopathies
6.5.8 Infected prosthesis
6.5.9 Buttock
6.5.10 Anterior inferior iliac spine and rectus femoris insertion
6.5.11 Miscellaneous
6.5.12 Lymph nodes in the groin
6.5.13 Infant hip: Developmental dysplasia of the hip: Graf type 1
6.5.14 Infant hip: Developmental dysplasia of the hip: Graf type 2
6.5.15 Infant hip: Developmental dysplasia of the hip: Graf type D
6.5.16 Infant hip: Developmental dysplasia of the hip: Graf type 3
6.5.17 Infant hip: Developmental dysplasia of the hip: Graf type 4
6.5.18 Infant hip: Developmental dysplasia of the hip: Miscellaneus neonatal hip pathology
6.6 Knee
6.6.1 Anterior recess and effusion
6.6.2 Patella and quadriceps tendon
6.6.3 Patellar tendon tendinosis
6.6.4 Proximal patellar tendon insertion and jumpers knee
6.6.5 Distal patellar tendon insertion
6.6.6 Patellar tendon trauma
6.6.7 Miscellaneous patellar tendon
6.6.8 Sinding Larsen Johansson disease
6.6.9 Osgood Schlatter disease
6.6.10 Bursa and superficial soft tissues
6.6.11 Dorsal side knee
6.6.12 Lateral side knee
6.6.13 Medial side knee
6.6.14 Meniscus
6.6.15 Miscellaneous knee
6.7 Ankle
6.7.1 Achilles tendon and tendinosis
6.7.2 Achilles tendon peritendinitis
6.7.3 Partial achilles tendon ruptures
6.7.4 Full thickness achilles tendon ruptures
6.7.5 Ruptures at the musculotendinous junction
6.7.6 Achilles tendon insertion tendinopathy and bursitis
6.7.7 Anterior ankle
6.7.8 Medial ankle
6.7.9 Lateral ankle
6.7.10 Dorsal ankle
6.7.11 Arthiritis
6.7.12 Trauma
6.8 Foot
6.8.1 Morton's neuroma
6.8.2 Bursitis
6.8.3 Tendon pathology
6.8.4 Miscellaneous lesions of the forefoot
6.8.5 Cysts and ganglia in the forefoot
6.8.6 Foreign bodies in the foot
6.8.7 Bony lesions in the foot
6.8.8 Arthritis
6.8.9 Gout
6.8.10 Plantar fasciitis
6.8.11 Plantar fascia ruptures
6.8.12 Plantar fibromas
6.8.13 Various lesions of the plantar fascia
7. Musculo Skeletal, bone, muscle, nerves and other soft tissues
7.1 Bone
7.1.1 Benign bone tumors
7.1.2 Exostosis
7.1.3 Malignant bone tumors
7.1.4 Osteomyelitis
7.1.5 Trauma
7.2 Muscle
7.2.1 Muscle ruptures lower extremity upper leg
7.2.2 Muscle ruptures lower extremity lower leg
7.2.3 Muscle ruptures upper extremity
7.2.4 Miscellaneous post-traumatic muscle lesions
7.2.5 Miscellaneous muscle pathology
7.2.6 Plantaris tendon
7.3 Peripheral nerves
7.3.1 Primary carpal tunnel syndrome
7.3.2 Carpal tunnel syndrome postoperative
7.3.3 Secondary carpal tunnel syndrome and inflammatory processes
7.3.4 Secondary carpal tunnel syndrome and space occupying lesions
7.3.5 Carpal tunnel anatomical variations
7.3.6 Various causes of nerve compression in the wrist and hand
7.3.7 Nerve pathology in the elbow
7.3.8 Various causes of nerve compression in the knee and hip
7.3.9 Various causes of nerve compression in the ankle and foot
7.3.10 Peripheral nerve tumors
7.3.11 Traumatic nerve lesions
7.4 Lymph nodes
7.4.1 Benign lymph nodes in the neck
7.4.2 Malignant lymph nodes in the neck
7.4.3 lymph nodes in the axilla
7.4.4 Lymph nodes in the elbow
7.4.5 Lymph nodes in the groin
7.4.6 Lymph nodes in the knee space
7.5 Soft tissues
7.5.1 Lipomas
7.5.2 Hemangiomas and vascular malformations
7.5.3 Miscellaneous benign soft tissues lesions
7.5.4 Malignant soft tissue tumors
7.5.5 Melanoma
7.5.6 Foreign bodies
8. Thorax
8.1 Pulmonary pathology
8.1.1 Pneumonia and air space consolidation
8.1.2 Pulmonary embolism
8.1.3 Pulmonary masses
8.1.4 Pneumothorax
8.2 Pleural space
8.2.1 Effusion and empyema
8.2.2 Benign and malignant pleural thickening
8.3 Heart and mediastinum
8.3.1 Heart
8.3.2 Mediastinum
8.4 Thoracic wall
8.4.1 Trauma
8.4.2 Malignant lesions and metastases
8.4.3 Anomalies
8.4.4 Sterno-clavicular joint
8.4.5 Benign soft tissue lesions and various
9. Pediatrics
9.1 Pediatric abdomen and retroperitoneum
9.1.1 Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
9.1.2 Intussusception
9.1.3 Abdominal and retroperitoneal tumors in infants
9.1.4 Gallbladder
9.1.5 Bowel wall pathology
9.1.6 Necrotizing enterocolitis
9.1.7 Appendix
9.1.8 Miscellaneous abdomen
9.1.9 Adrenals
9.1.10 Abdominal wall
9.2 Pediatric urinary tract
9.2.1 Anomalies
9.2.2 Reflux
9.2.3 Posterior urethral valves
9.2.4 Ureteropelvic junction stenosis
9.2.5 Dilatation other causes
9.2.6 Renal infection
9.2.7 Nephrolithiasis
9.2.8 Miscellaneous urinary tract
9.2.9 Neonatal kidney and nephrocalcinosis
9.3 Pediatric scrotum
9.3.1 Hydroceles
9.3.2 Scrotal hernias
9.3.3 Torsion of the appendages
9.3.4 Neonatal extravaginal testicular torsion and atrophic testis in the newborn
9.3.5 Intravaginal testicular torsion complete, incomplete and late phase
9.3.6 Inflammation
9.3.7 Idiopathic scrotal edema
9.3.8 Tumors
9.3.9 Miscellaneous scrotum
9.4 Pediatric gynaecological pathology and infant breast
9.4.1 Gynaecological pathology in infants
9.4.2 Hematocolpos
9.4.3 Infant breast
9.5 Pediatric head and neck
9.5.1 Cysts and masses
9.5.2 Thyroid gland
9.5.3 Skull and extra-cranial structures
9.5.4 Miscellaneous head and neck
9.6 Neonatal brain and spine
9.6.1 Congenital malformations
9.6.2 Hemorrhage and periventricular cysts
9.6.3 Periventricular leucomalacia
9.6.4 Infarcts
9.6.5 Striatal densities
9.6.6 Arachnoid space
9.6.7 Miscellaneous intra-cranial pathology
9.6.8 Neonatal spine
9.7 Infant hip and knee
9.7.1 Infant hip: Developmental dysplasia of the hip: Graf type 1
9.7.2 Infant hip: Developmental dysplasia of the hip: Graf type 2
9.7.3 Infant hip: Developmental dysplasia of the hip: Graf type D
9.7.4 Infant hip: Developmental dysplasia of the hip: Graf type 3
9.7.5 Infant hip: Developmental dysplasia of the hip: Graf type 4
9.7.6 Infant hip: Developmental dysplasia of the hip: Miscellaneous neonatal hip pathology
9.7.7 Coxitis and hydrops
9.7.8 Perthes disease
9.7.9 Epiphysiolysis
9.7.10 Sinding Larsen Johansson disease
9.7.11 Osgood Schlatter disease
9.8 Pediatric thorax
9.8.1 Pediatric thorax
10. Peripheral vessels
10.1 Peripheral arteries
10.1.1 Carotid artery
10.1.2 Vertebral artery and subclavian steal
10.1.3 Vasculitis
10.1.4 Peripheral arteries of the upper extremity
10.1.5 Peripheral arteries of the lower extremity
10.1.6 True aneurysms, false aneurysms and fistula
10.2 Peripheral veins
10.2.1 Pelvic veins
10.2.2 Deep venous system and muscular branches of the lower extremity
10.2.3 Recanalized deep venous thrombosis
10.2.4 Superficial venous system of the lower extremity
10.2.5 Venous system of the upper extremity
10.2.6 Various and intravascular lesions
10.3 Dialysis fistula
10.3.1 Dialysis fistula
Copyright © Dr. T.S.A. Geertsma, Ziekenhuis Gelderse Vallei, Ede, The Netherlands. All rights reserved.